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Physics
When lasers cross: LLNL finds a brighter way to measure plasma
Measuring conditions in volatile clouds of superheated gases known as plasmas are central to pursuing greater scientific understanding of how stars, nuclear detonations and fusion energy work. For decades, scientists have relied on a technique called Thomson scattering, which uses a single laser beam to scatter from plasma waves as a way to measure critical information…
Simulations and supercomputing calculate one million orbits in cislunar space
Satellites and spacecraft in the vast region between the earth and moon and just beyond — called cislunar space — are crucial for space exploration, scientific advancement and national security. But figuring out where exactly to put them into a stable orbit can be a huge, computationally expensive challenge. In an open-access database and with publicly available code,…
Nanotubes with lids mimic real biology
When water and ions move together through channels only a nanometer wide, they behave in unusual ways. In these tight spaces, water molecules line up in single file. This forces ions to shed some of the water molecules that normally surround them, leading to the unique physics of ion transport. Biological channels are especially adept at this behavior, often choreographing…
From fleeting to stable: scientists uncover recipe for new carbon dioxide-based energetic materials
When materials are compressed, their atoms are forced into unusual arrangements that do not normally exist under everyday conditions. These configurations are often fleeting: when the pressure is released, the atoms typically relax back to a stable low-pressure state. Only a few very specific materials, like diamond, retain their high-pressure structure after returning to…
New code connects microscopic insights to the macroscopic world
In inertial confinement fusion, a capsule of fuel begins at temperatures near zero and pressures close to vacuum. When lasers compress that fuel to trigger fusion, the material heats up to millions of degrees and reaches pressures similar to the core of the sun. That process happens within a miniscule amount of space and time. To understand this process, scientists need to…
Two LLNL scientists elected as 2026 Optica fellows
Optica recently elected 121 members from 23 countries to the society’s 2026 fellow class. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) scientists Mark Henesian and Brent Stuart were among those honored by the scientific society. Optica fellows are selected based on outstanding contributions to research, business, education, engineering and service to Optica and the optics…
What is dark matter? Explore the possibilities in the Big Ideas Lab podcast
Galaxies spin faster than they should. Clusters of those galaxies hold themselves intact against all expectations. By every visible measure, the universe should not look the way it does. Something is holding galaxies, stars and entire clusters together. Something we can’t see. And although it’s invisible to the naked eye, there are clues everywhere that allude to its…
Superconducting circuits: How LLNL is building on Nobel Prize-winning quantum technology
This fall, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Clarke, Michel Devoret and John Martinis “for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantization in an electric circuit.” At Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), these award-winning discoveries underpin two fronts of ongoing innovation: fundamental research in quantum…
Precision and partnership: JASPER surpasses 200 experimental shots
The Joint Actinide Shock Physics Experimental Research (JASPER) facility recently surpassed 200 full-containment experimental shots, marking more than two decades of precision operations, scientific advancement and collaboration in support of the National Nuclear Security Administration’s (NNSA) stockpile modernization programs. Since its first actinide experiment in 2003,…
Satellite pierces through space to discover unexpected winds and sloshing intergalactic gas
The X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM), a Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and NASA collaboration with European Space Agency (ESA) participation, was built to study the most extreme environments in the cosmos. From space, the satellite collects X-rays to probe the universe’s hottest regions, largest structures and strongest gravity wells. In four…
STEM San Joaquin celebrates third year of inspiring young minds
STEM San Joaquin marked its third anniversary on Saturday, Nov. 15, at the University of the Pacific (UOP) in Stockton. Co-sponsored by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and UOP, the annual event welcomed students in grades 6–9 for a day of hands-on science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) exploration. The conference is organized by a dedicated team of…
Watching gold change structure at extreme pressures
The inside of giant planets can reach pressures more than one million times the Earth’s atmosphere. As a result of that intense pressure, materials can adopt unexpected structures and properties. Understanding matter in this regime requires experiments that push the limits of physics in the laboratory. In a recent paper published in Physical Review Letters, researchers at…
Researchers discover entirely new phase of ice
Water is weird. When ice cubes float at the top of a drink, they’re defying the norm. Solids are generally denser than liquids, so they sink. But because of its hydrogen bonds, water produces unusual and complex behaviors. Studying water ice and its various phases is crucial for understanding its strange properties. The knowledge is also critical for materials science,…
Experiments show how water could form on exoplanets, disrupting current theories
In the search for extraterrestrial life, the presence of water is a key signature of possible habitability. Identifying why some planets are wet and others are dry could help with the hunt. In a recent study published in Nature, scientists including Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) postdoctoral researcher Harrison Horn demonstrate a novel pathway for producing…
HEDS fellow Patricia Cho probes cosmic mysteries
The High Energy Density Science (HEDS) Center fellowship at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) encourages postdoctoral scientists to expand their horizons and pursue new research possibilities related to the study of matter and energy under extreme conditions. For HEDS Center fellow and experimental physicist Patricia Cho, the fellowship has allowed her to…
Miniaturized ion traps show promise of 3D printing for quantum-computing hardware
Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), the University of California (UC) Berkeley, UC Riverside and UC Santa Barbara have miniaturized quadrupole ion traps for the first time with 3D printing — a breakthrough in one of the most promising approaches to building a large-scale quantum computer. Quadrupole ion traps have four electrode poles that create…
Lab scientists win four 2025 R&D 100 awards
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) scientists and engineers have earned four awards among the top 100 inventions worldwide. The trade journal R&D World Magazine recently announced the winners of the awards, often called the “Oscars of innovation,” recognizing new commercial products, technologies and materials that are available for sale or license for their…
When carbon crystallizes: molecular simulations reveal why graphite outshines diamond
There’s a reason why engagement rings are more expensive than wooden pencils. Diamond and graphite are both made of crystallized carbon, but diamond is much rarer. In a study published in Nature Communications, researchers including Margaret Berrens at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) created molecular dynamics simulations to explain what material forms when…
LLNL demonstrates new model that explains plutonium’s peculiar behavior
Normally, materials expand when heated. Higher temperatures cause atoms to vibrate, bounce around and take up a larger volume. However, for one specific phase of plutonium — called delta-plutonium — the opposite inexplicably occurs: it shrinks above room temperature. As part of its national security mission, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) aims to predict the…
Lasers measure liquid carbon structure for the first time
Carbon, one of the most abundant elements in the universe, constitutes many key components of life and technology. Because of this, the material is very well-studied — at least in its solid form. As a liquid, carbon structure is very difficult to measure because the state of matter only exists at extreme pressures and temperatures. In a recent study, published in Nature,…
